What primarily characterizes Meniere's disease?

Meniere's disease is primarily characterized by a build-up of fluid in the scala media, which is a part of the inner ear. This accumulation of endolymph leads to increased pressure within the cochlea and contributes to the classic symptoms of the disease, including episodic vertigo, tinnitus (ringing in the ear), hearing loss, and a sensation of fullness or pressure in the affected ear.

The condition arises due to an imbalance in the production and absorption of endolymph, ultimately resulting in a pathological state in the inner ear that disrupts normal auditory and vestibular functions. The connection between the excess fluid and the symptoms experienced by patients underscores the importance of understanding this fluid dynamics in relation to Meniere's disease. Identifying the correct characterization is essential for accurate diagnosis and management of the condition.