What is the primary cause of barotrauma?

The primary cause of barotrauma is Eustachian Tube Dysfunction. This condition occurs when the Eustachian tubes, which connect the middle ear to the back of the throat, fail to equalize pressure properly. As a result, changes in external pressure—such as during airplane travel or diving—can lead to a pressure differential between the middle ear and the external environment. This pressure imbalance can stretch or damage the tissues of the ear, causing the painful symptoms associated with barotrauma.

Eustachian tube dysfunction can be brought on by a variety of factors, including allergies, colds, or sinus infections, which can cause inflammation and blockage of the tubes. When these tubes do not open and close effectively, air cannot flow freely, leading to the risk of barotrauma during pressure changes. Understanding this relationship is crucial for addressing and preventing the condition effectively.