What is a cholesteatoma?

A cholesteatoma is specifically defined as a non-cancerous tumor that typically forms in the middle ear, often as a result of the skin cells and other debris accumulating in the area, which can occur due to chronic ear infections or other ear conditions. This abnormal growth can lead to destruction of the surrounding structures, including bones in the ear, and can affect hearing. Understanding this context is essential, as it highlights the complications that can arise from a cholesteatoma, such as hearing loss, chronic infections, and potential spread to nearby tissues.

The other choices, while somewhat related to ear conditions, do not accurately describe what a cholesteatoma is. Earwax buildup and fungal infections relate to different types of ear concerns, whereas a viral infection in the inner ear pertains to entirely different pathologies. This clearly distinguishes cholesteatoma as a unique and specific condition within the spectrum of ear-related health issues.